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Gut Microbes Help Keep Starved Flies Fecund
肠道微生物帮助饥饿果蝇繁殖
Just like humans, fruit flies have to eat a balanced diet. "They need sugar to survive, they need amino acids to make eggs, to have stem cells proliferate. They need salt, they need vitamins."
Carlos Ribeiro, a neuroscientist at the Champalimaud Center in Portugal. Yeast, he says, is a crucial component of the fly diet. "I always say, yeast is the steak of the fly."
就像人类一样,果蝇也必须有均衡的饮食。“他们需要糖来维持生存,需要氨基酸来制造卵子,使干细胞增殖。他们也需要盐和维生素。”Carlos Ribeiro是葡萄牙的尚帕利莫中心的神经科学家。他说,酵母是果蝇饮食的重要组成部分。“我总是说,酵母是果蝇的牛排。”
Take yeast away, and the flies crave it—gotta make those eggs. Ribeiro and his team found they could also elicit that yearning for yeast simply by removing a few key amino acids from the flies' diet—but only in those flies that had their gut microbiome wiped out.
把酵母拿走,果蝇非常希望酵母来孵蛋。Ribeiro和他的团队发现,他们可以从果蝇饮食中去除少量关键氨基酸,从而影响果蝇对酵母简单依赖,但只有那些肠道微生物被消灭的果蝇渴望得到酵母。
Here’s the twist: when Ribeiro and his colleagues restored the standard fly gut microbiome, amino-acid-deprived flies did not seek out yeast to compensate. That might seem like the gut microbes are actually working against the flies' best interest—blocking their instincts to seek out missing nutrients.
这里的转折是:当Ribeiro和他的同事们恢复了标准的肠道微生物群时,被剥夺氨基酸的果蝇不是寻找酵母来补偿,这可能看起来好像,肠道微生物实际上是对抗果蝇的最佳利益——阻止他们本能地寻找缺少的营养物质。
But what actually happened, Ribeiro says, is that flies with the gut microbes maintained good egg production despite their nutritional deficiency. Suggesting that somehow, microbes help the flies adapt to nutrient-poor conditions.
但实际上,Ribeiro说,尽管营养缺乏,果蝇的肠道微生物保持着良好的繁殖能力。这实际上表明,微生物在某种程度上帮助果蝇适应营养不良的不利状况。
"So somehow the microbes reprogram the metabolism of the fly to now cope better with an absence of amino acids in the diet. And that might also lead then to the fly not having to produce a strong craving for amino acids." The study is in the journal PLOS Biology. [Ricardo Leitão-Gonçalves et al, Commensal bacteria and essential amino acids control food choice behavior and reproduction]
“所以某种程度上讲,果蝇的微生物新陈代谢能更好地应对饮食中氨基酸缺失的不利影响。这也可能导致果蝇不必对氨基酸产生强烈的渴望。[ Ricardo Leitão-gonç,共生细菌和必需氨基酸控制食物选择行为和繁殖研究]
Of course, flies are not humans. But still, Ribeiro says, "I think there is now more and more compelling evidence that the microbes in the gut, also of humans, affect behavior, mood and stress, and maybe even, people propose, some diseases. But how microbes do so and why they would do so is completely unclear." Still: next time you're staring at a menu, undecided on what to order…you might try just going with your gut.
当然,果蝇不是人类。但是,Ribeiro也说,“我认为现在有越来越多的令人信服的证据表明,人类肠道微生物也会影响行为、情绪和压力,甚至可能对人们的一些疾病产生影响。但是微生物是怎么做到的,以及为什么会这样做,目前人类还完全不清楚:“下次你盯着菜单,不知道要点什么时……你可以试着用你的直觉来做决定。
—Christopher Intagliata
—来自Christopher Intagliata的报道。
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